1. Poland invaded Germany. Discuss with reference to Hannah Arendt’s concepts of totalitarianism and John Carey.
- Social aspects (horror), media concepts, pluralism (absent of it), society has a purpose
- Nazi Germany: Mission of people
- John Carey: what does he mean by masses? The mob! Masses once they are literate they can be made into a political force.
- Karl Marx and the masses (link) intellectuals feel the masses.
- Nietzsche thinks that the masses will breed and over populate, some intellectuals want to exterminate the masses ‘thought of as dangerous’.
- Fascism- brings to poor people, people that are good at over powering and continuing the masses.
- Need to show a tight definition of totalitarianism from Arendt.
2. How does the modern state differ from the classical or medieval state according to Hannah Arendt. Discuss with reference to philosophical writing about the modern state. (Reference Hobbes, Rousseau, J.S Mills)
- Nationalism
- Hobbes- all power state
- Rousseau- state is where all problems are, have contract state. Should not be a permanent state.
- Liberalism
- Mill- contract theorist
- Hegel- more in tradition with Hobbes, Germany ‘God on earth’.
- Marx- Hegelian, state plays (the role of) historical place, stands Hegel on his feet. Ruling class.
- How does the modern state differ? Theory it’s a contract theory (red light means stop for most people)
- Physical embodiment, for Hegel its god. Idealist verses liberal. The state has the purpose. Liberal- the state is convenient agreement. Mass comes to dominate.
3. Attempt an analysis of the impact of Nietzsche and the modernist literacy movement on journalism, popular culture and the mass media.
- Fractured, shocking, difficult to understand. Physical sensations. Subjectivism.
- Each reader has different view on what they read. Contemporary modern art ‘the global village’
- A morality says how we should live ‘God is dead’. War on metaphysics, there are no souls, ghosts etc
- Body centred
- Mass media- advertising and slogans.
4. Explain the enduring fascination for many intellectuals and some journalist of the film Citizen Kane.
- Randolph Hurst, who was he? (invented journalist purpose)
- Carey- citizen Kane his Carey theory, what Carey worries about. Kane wants power and the more he gets the more he wants through having belongings. Why?
- Freud link- driven by hidden needs, before modernism would say that he is powered by the devil.
- Freudian conflicts
- Idea of a divided self- real you (inner you), fake you which you show to the world. Pain of wearing a mask which causes you to be unhappy
- Dreams
5. Assess the impact of Sigmund Freud on the media. From the page three of the sun to BBC public service broadcasting and from cosmopolitan magazine to Jerry Springer.
- Freud- problems with children, issues around his theories etc. can be seen through television shows and magazine articles.
- Feminism- Nietzsche talked about you would take a whip to talk to a woman (referring to Victorian woman very contrasted from today) he struggled with the idea that woman did not stand up for themselves in these times.
- He became an icon for the feminist movement
- Centralist talks today about genders/ children more today
- These things can be overcome, great icon for the time.
- Freud trying to understand why people do things, it’s a mystery and can he really ask/discover this?
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